The Arabic letters are divided into three groups as to tafkheem and tarqeeq: 1. Letters that always have tafkheem. (Then the heavy ones come with three levels and they are. The one with a fath, then the dhammah, then the kasrah, and the saakin follows what preceded it.

Lesson (2): The Arabic Alphabet (Writing Letters)

1. ■To pronounce any letter as a heavy letter you have to raise the deepest part of your tongue. ●You have to avoid rounding your lips to make (pronounce) any letter as heavy letter. ■You are changing the meaning of Quran. ●If lam in the name of Allah preceded by letter with فتحة or ضمة we have pronounce this lam as a Heavy letters.
2. IN Arabic letter we have heavy and light and we have The Heavy and light Letters temporary heavy and light 1-For always heavy about 7 lettel: ظ ق ط غ ض ص خwe can make it in sentence ظق طغض صخalways heavy. 2-And we have letter some time heavy.

It is used by many to begin any Language by teaching its Parts of Speech; however, logically it is better to begin our trip by teaching the Arabic Alphabet (Arabic Letters) as it is the reasonable starting point. Consider the absence of Alphabets then how we can form words and/or sentences?!

Arabic Alphabet Chart [29]

pronunciation	Transliterated	Isolated	Isolated	pronunciation	Initial	Medial	Final	Transcription
أَلِف	̛ālif	ا	Like A in Apple	ا	ـا	ـا	ā
بَاء	bā̛	ب	Like B in Baby	بـ	ـبـ	ـب	b
تَاء	tā̛	ت	Like T in Tree	تـ	ـتـ	ـت ـة	t
ثَاء	thā̛	ث	Like the Th in Theory	ثـ	ـثـ	ـث	th
جِيم	jim	ج	Sometimes like the G in Girl or like the J in Jar	جـ	ـجـ	ـج	j
حَاء	hā̛	ح	Like the h in he yet light in pronunciation	حـ	ـحـ	ـح	h
خَاء	khā̛	خ	Like the Ch in the name Bach	خـ	ـخـ	ـخ	kh
دَال	dāl	د	Like the D in Dad	د	ـد	ـد	d
ذَال	zāl	ذ	Like the Th in The	ذ	ـذ	ـذ	z
رَاء	rā̛	ر	Like the R in Ram	ر	ـر	ـر	r
زَاي	zāy	ز	Like the Z in zoo	ز	ـز	ـز	z
سِين	sin	س	Like the S in See	سـ	ـسـ	ـس	s
شِين	shin	ش	Like the Sh in She	شـ	ـشـ	ـش	sh
صَاد	sād	ص	Like the S in Sad yet heavy in pronunciation	صـ	ـصـ	ـص	s
ضَاد	dād	ض	Like the D in Dead yet heavy in pronunciation	ضـ	ـضـ	ـض	d
طَاء	tā̛	ط	Like the T in Table yet heavy in pronunciation	طـ	ـطـ	ـط	t
ظَاء	ẓā̛	ظ	Like the Z in Zorro yet heavy in pronunciation	ظـ	ـظـ	ـظ	ẓ
عَينٍ	عain	ع	Has no real equivalent sometimes they replace its sound with the A sound like for example the name Ali for علي /عali/	عـ	ـعـ	ـع	ع̛
غَين	ghain	غ	Like the Gh in Ghandi	غـ	ـغـ	ـغ	gh
فَاء	fā̛	ف	Like the F in Fool	فـ	ـفـ	ـف	f
قَاف	qāf	ق	Like the Q in Queen yet heavy velar sound in pronunciation	قـ	ـقـ	ـق	q
كَاف	kāf	ك	Like the K in Kate	كـ	ـكـ	ـك	k
لاَم	lām	ف	Like the L in Love	لـ	ـلـ	ـل	l
مِيم	mim	م	Like the M in Moon	مـ	ـمـ	ـم	m
نُون	nun	ن	Like the N in Noon	نـ	ـنـ	ـن	n
هَاء	hā̛	ه هـ	Like the H in He	هـ	ـهـ	ـه	h
وَاو	wāw	,	Like the W in the reaction of astonishment saying: WAW!	ـو	----	ـو	W(aw, au, u)
يَاء	yā̛	ي	Like the Y in you	يـ	ـيـ	ـي	Y (ay, ai, ῑ)
هَمزَة	hamza	ء أُ إِ أَ	Seen latter because it differs according to case and context	Latter will be discussed separately	أ ؤ	ـئـ	ئ	̛

Now, you can deduce from the herein above Chart that Arabic letters are 29 with the letter hamza, sometimes is regarded as a separate Letter. Further, in the first column above, you can see some dashes or symbols on the Arabic Letter above or below them; they are called Arabic vowels (Described later).
Consider the following three Arabic Letters Characteristics:
a- Letters are connected to form words.
b- Words have vowels on it (described later).
c- Some letters have dots on it.
Do you know that:
1- Arabic structure is different in Alphabet from any other Language.
2- Arabic letters form words by connecting them together.
3- Arabic Alphabet is written and read from right to left.
4- Arabic Letters' writing has three forms: initial, medial, and final i.e. different in shape according to their position.
5- Letters in isolation and final are mostly the same in shape.
6- Letters in the initial and medial positions are mostly the same in shape.
7- There are many print forms, types of fonts and writing forms for Arabic; yet most common of which is /̛ān-naskh/ (normal writing) النَسخ and /̛ār-ruqعa/ الرِقعة. An elementary/ intermediate Reader/ Learner is advised to use /̛ān-naskh/ writing form.
8- You can find the correct pronunciation in Arabic just from the spelling of the word which is considered a no-trouble-trick of Arabic pronunciation.
9- Arabic Letters can be divided into two groups according to their position

1^st Group
- Can't be joined on the left side.
- Can be joined to a preceding letter but never to a following one.
- Then, all Arabic Letters in the Alphabet could be connected from both sides except the following mentioned Letters.(see table below)
2^nd Group
- Change shape according to their position in the word.

1st Group (Non-Connecting Letters)	1st Group Examples	2nd Group (Connecting Letters)	2nd Group Examples
ālif ا	سَمَاء /samā̛/ for 'sky'	عain ع	Refer to the three Arabic Letters' Writing Forms (initial – medial – final)
Dāl د	الدَهر /̛ād-dahr/ for 'past life'	ghain غ	Refer to the three Arabic Letters' Writing Forms (initial – medial – final)
zāl ذ	الذَهب /̛āz-zahab/ For 'gold'	kāf ك	Refer to the three Arabic Letters' Writing Forms (initial – medial – final)
rā̛ ر	الرَمَادِي /̛ā̛r-ramādy/ for 'grey color'	hā̛ ه هـ	Refer to the three Arabic Letters' Writing Forms (initial – medial – final)
zāy ز	الزَمَان /̛āz-zamān/ For 'past'	yā̛ ي	Refer to the three Arabic Letters' Writing Forms (initial – medial – final)
wāw و	الوَطَن /̛āl-watan/ for 'homeland'	hamza ء أُ إِ أَ	Refer to the three Arabic Letters' Writing Forms (initial – medial – final). NB: this letter will be discussed later

10- Few Arabic Written Letters could be only differentiated by their dots :

Heavy Letters Arabic

bā̛ ب tā̛ ت thā̛ ث	jim ج hā̛ ح khā̛ خ	dāl د Zāl ذ rā̛ ر Zāy ز
sin س shin ش	sād ص dād ض	tā̛ ط ẓā̛ ظ
عain ع ghain غ	fā̛ ف qāf ق	nun ن

Heavy Sound Arabic Letters

11- There are Confusing Arabic Written Letters phonetically-wise:

Heavy Letters Of Arabic

Light Sound in Pronunciation	Heavy Sound in Pronunciation
tā̛ ت	tā̛ ط
Dāl د	dād ض
zāl ذ	ẓā̛ ظ
sin س	sād ص
Kāf ك	qāf ق

12- The Letter tā̛ ت; sometimes it is written like the letter hā̛ in its final form ـهyet with two dots above it ـة. This letter is mostly seen in its final position to indicate a feminine gender ending and is termed ' tā̛ Marbutah'.
13- The Letters fā̛ and qāf in Moroccan Written Arabic are different in their shape as seen below:

Position in word	Isolated	Initial	Medial	Final
Form of the letter fā̛ in Moroccan Arabic	ڢ	ڢـ	ـڢـ	ـڢ
Form of the letter qāf in Moroccan Arabic	ڡ	ڧـ	ـڧـ	ـڡ

Salam,

Heavy Letters In Arabic

Apologies for the lack of posts – in short, life happened 🙂

So here I am back with a new series of worksheets which I hope will be of help in any small way to students of Arabic out there. Each worksheet has a little bit of explanation and then some exercises for you or your students to work through.

Insha Allah, answer sheets will be uploaded once I have completed the worksheets.

1. Arabic Alphabet worksheet and answer sheet
2. Sun and Moon letters worksheet and answer sheet
3. Naughty Letters worksheet and answer sheet
4. Subject, Object and Possessive pronouns worksheet and answer sheet
5. Demonstrative pronouns worksheet and answer sheet
6. Prepositions worksheet and answer sheet
7. Gender in Arabic worksheet and answer sheet
8. Definite and Indefinite worksheet and answer sheet
9. Case Endings worksheet and answer sheet
10. Numbers and Nouns worksheet and answer sheet